Particles 助詞

In Japanese, there are quite a few particles; I shall list some for you.

は：　(when it is used as a particle it is pronounced as わ)
E.g.　私は…　(I am...)
E.g.　これは…　(This is...)
E.g.　あなたは…　(You are...)
It is placed after the subject of the sentence.

の：
E.g.　これは私のです。　(This is mine/belongs to me)
E.g.　数学の課。　(Mathematics lesson)
It indicates possession or sense of belonging.

も：
Indicates emphasis or addition. Also used as "also" or "too".
E.g.
田中さん：私は中学校の一年生です。 (I am in Secondary 1)
小野さん：私も中学校の一年生です。 (I am also in Secondary 1)

を：　(pronounced as お)
E.g.　晩ご飯を食べます。　(To eat dinner)
E.g.　牛乳を飲みます。　(To drink milk)
E.g.　仕事をします。　(To work)
It indicates the direct object (before the を) of the verb (which is after the を).